01Local knowledge
Building in London
Greater London is made up of 32 boroughs and the City of London. Each borough council is the local planning authority for its area and runs its own building control service, highways team and parking rules, so two identical houses either side of a borough boundary can face different local policies. The London Plan, set by the Mayor of London, sits above every borough's local plan.
London's Housing and What It Means for Building Work
Victorian and Edwardian terraces
Found across inner London and many outer boroughs. Most have a rear outrigger and a side passage, which is why rear dormers, L-shaped lofts and side return extensions are so common on them. Every terrace shares two party walls.
Interwar suburbs
Semi-detached houses with hipped roofs, front gardens and sometimes a garage, more common in outer London. They suit hip-to-gable lofts, rear and side extensions, driveways and garage conversions.
Converted and purpose-built flats
Many large Victorian houses were divided into flats, and new blocks keep being built. Flats and maisonettes have no householder permitted development rights, and leasehold flats usually need the freeholder's consent for alterations.
Ground conditions
Much of London sits on clay that shrinks in dry weather and swells when wet, especially near trees. That affects foundation design for extensions and is a common reason older houses need underpinning.